Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 24 April 1963 (entered into force 19 March 1967) 596 U.N.T.S 261. 
Ratified 1986
PDF

International Human Rights Law

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 18 December 1979, 1249 U.N.T.S 513 [CEDAW].

Ratified 1984

PDF

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 7 March 1966, 660 U.N.T.S 195 [CERD].

Ratified 1972

PDF

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 18 December 1990 (1 July 2003) 2220 U.N.T.S. 3 [Migrant Workers Convention].

PDF

Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3 [CRC].

Signed 1990, Ratified 1991  

PDF

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 [ICCPR].

Ratified 1987

PDF

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966 (entered into force 3 Jan 1976) 993 U.N.T.S. 3 [ICESCR].

Ratified 1987

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/217 A (III), 10 December 1948, Art 14. [UDHR].

PDF

International Humanitarian Law/Law of war

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949 (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 U.N.T.S. 31 [First Geneva Convention].

Ratified 1970

Link to Conv.

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949 (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 U.N.T.S. 85 [Second Geneva Convention].

Ratified 1970

Link to Conv.

Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949 (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 U.N.T.S. 135 [Third Geneva Convention].

Ratified 1970

Link to Conv.

Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 U.N.T.S. 287 [Fourth Geneva Convention].

Ratified 1970

Link to Conv.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 8 June 1977 (entered into force Dec. 7, 1978.) 1125 U.N.T.S. 3 [Protocol I].

Signed 1978, Ratified 1990

Link to Protocol.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, 8 June 1977 (entered into force 7 December 1978) 1125 U.N.T.S. 609 [Protocol II].

Signed 1978, Ratified 1990

Link to Protocol

Protocol relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (2005), 8 December 2005 (entered into force 14 January 2007) 2404 U.N.T.S 1[Protocol III]. Link to Protocol.

International Labor Law 

ILO Convention C 111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention (1958).

Ratified 1969

Link to Conv.

ILO Convention C 29 Forced or Compulsory Labour Convention (1932).

Ratified 1969

Link to Conv.

ILO Multilateral Framework on Labour Migration (2005).

Link to Framework

International Refugee Law

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 28 July 1951, 189 U.N.T.S. 150. [Refugee Convention].

Ratified 1980
PDF

Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, 4 October 1967, 606 U.N.T.S. 267. [Refugee Protocol]

Ratified 1980 Link to Protocol

International Trade Law

General Agreement on Trade in Services, 15 April 1994  (entered into force 01 January 1995), L336, p. 191 [GATS].

PDF

Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (Movement of Natural Persons), 16 October, 1995 (entered into force 26 July 1996), L167, P. 43 [Protocol III] PDF

Below are links to various databases that provide statistics and figures relevant to the movement of people in and out of Yemen:  

UNHCR Statistics Database 
UNHCR-Stats

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDMC-Yemen

Link to Researchers

 Regt, Marina de. "Preferences and Prejudices: Employers' Views on Domestic Workers in the Republic of Yemen." The University of Chicago Press 34.3 (2009): 559-581. Link to Article

Keyword: domestic workers, Yemen

In this article, the author describes and analyzes Yemenis' preferences and prejudice about domestic workers, as well as the relationship between 'cleanliness' and reliability' and the national identity, ethnicity and religion of domestic workers. The author argues that employers produce and reproduce certain stereotypes in their efforts to maintain social control over their workers. Further, the author argues that the preference  of employers are based on balance of social, cultural and religious closeness. 

Regt, Marina de. "High in Hierarchy, Rich in Diversity." Critical Asian Studies 40.4 (2008): 587-608. Link to Article

Keyword: Yemen, women, migrant, domestic, workers

This article discuses the status of certain domestic migrant workers in Yemen from are positioned at the top of Yemeni employers’ hierarchy of domestic workers. They have a high status, are employed by the upper classes, and receive the highest salaries. More specifically, the article analyzes the differences within this domestic work hierarchy with respect to recruitment, employment, and living conditions, access to social support networks, and contacts with fellow countrywomen. 

Regt, Marina de. "Ethiopian Women in the Middle East: The Case of Migrant Domestic Workers in Yemen." African Studies Centre Seminar (2007). Link to PDF

Keyword: Ethiopia, domestic workers, Yemen, women, gender

This article provides an analysis of the different factors that influence the migration and employment of Ethiopian domestic workers, based on their mode of entry to Yemen. The author argues that status, mobility and employment situation is not fixed and there is large diversity among domestic workers. 

Regt, Marina de. "Employing Migrant Domestic Workers in Urban Yemen: A New Form of Social Distinction." Hawwa 6.2 (2008): 154-175. Link to Article

Keyword: migrant domestic workers, urban, Yemen, social, Africa, labor migrants

The author argues that employing domestic workers in urban Yemen has become a new form of social distinction with the changing economic, social and political situation in Yemen within the past forty years. While the economic situation has deteriorated in Yemen since the 1990s, the demand for domestic labor has increased. The author finds the most of the domestic workers in Yemen arrive from the Horn of Africa. 

Regt, Marina de. "Ways to Come, Ways to Leave: Gender, Mobility, and Illegality among Ethiopian Domestic Workers in Yemen." Gender & Society 24.2 (2010): 237-260. Link to Article

Keyword: gender, mobility, illegality, irregularity, Ethiopian, domestic, workers 

The author explores the relationship between gender, mobility and legal status among migrant workers in Yemen. She finds the the mode of entry to Yemen and legal status is not fixed, and the boundaries between regular and irregular conditions in blurred. The author argues that gendered state policies and practices affect women's mobility and attempting to regulate status can further restrain rather than increase women's mobility.